Debian进程间通信方式有哪些

发布时间:2025-04-04 00:50:38

阅读量:269

Debian系统，作为一种基于Linux的操作系统，支持多种进程间通信（IPC）机制。以下是一些常见的IPC方式：

1. 管道（Pipes）2. 消息队列（Message Queues）3. 共享内存（Shared Memory）4. 信号（Signals）5. 信号量（Semaphores）6. 套接字（Sockets）7. 内存映射文件（Memory-Mapped Files）8. 信号槽（Signals and Slots）9. 远程过程调用（RPC）10. 事件驱动编程实现示例管道

#include 
#include 
int main() {
    int pipefd[2];
    char buffer[10];
    if (pipe(pipefd) == -1) {
        perror("pipe");
        return 1;
    }
    pid_t pid = fork();
    if (pid == -1) {
        perror("fork");
        return 1;
    }
    if (pid == 0) { // 子进程
        close(pipefd[1]); // 关闭写端
        read(pipefd[0], buffer, sizeof(buffer));
        printf("Child received: %s\n", buffer);
        close(pipefd[0]);
    } else { // 父进程
        close(pipefd[0]); // 关闭读端
        write(pipefd[1], "Hello from parent", 20);
        close(pipefd[1]);
    }
    return 0;
}

共享内存

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
int main() {
    key_t key = ftok("shmfile", 65);
    int shmid = shmget(key, 1024, 0666|IPC_CREAT);
    char *str = (char*) shmat(shmid, (void*)0, 0);
    strcpy(str, "Hello World");
    printf("String written to shared memory: %s\n", str);
    shmdt(str);
    shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
    return 0;
}

套接字

// 服务器端
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int opt = 1;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[1024] = {0};
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(8080);
    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
        perror("accept");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
    printf("Message from client: %s\n", buffer);
    send(new_socket, "Hello from server", 18, 0);
    printf("Hello message sent\n");
    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);
    return 0;
}