centos环境下tomcat如何进行负载均衡

CentOS 下 Tomcat 负载均衡实操指南

一、方案总览与准备

二、方案一 Nginx 作为负载均衡器

http {
  upstream tomcat_servers {
    server 192.168.1.11:8080;
    server 192.168.1.12:8080;
    # 可选：权重
    # server 192.168.1.11:8080 weight=3;
    # server 192.168.1.12:8080 weight=1;
  }
  server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://tomcat_servers;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
  }
}

三、方案二 Apache HTTP Server 作为负载均衡器

  BalancerMember http://192.168.1.11:8080 route=node1
  BalancerMember http://192.168.1.12:8080 route=node2
  ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests

:80>
  ServerName your.domain
  ProxyPreserveHost On
  ProxyPass / balancer://tcsrvs/
  ProxyPassReverse / balancer://tcsrvs/
  
    Require all granted
  

四、会话保持与会话复制

Tomcat 集群会话复制（无状态/容错更强）：

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster">
  <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
    <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
                address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/>
    <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
                address="auto" port="4000" autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="5000" maxThreads="6"/>
    <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
      <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
    Sender>
    <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
    <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
  Channel>
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=".*\.jsp|.*\.do"/>
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
  <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
Cluster>

<Context>
  <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
           expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
           notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
Context>

五、验证与运维要点

健康检查与故障转移：端口与防火墙：确认负载均衡器与后端 Tomcat 的 80/8080（及 AJP/8009 若使用）已放行；同机多实例需避免端口冲突。

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