spring整合kafka如何进行消息持久化

发布时间:2024-12-14 13:02:13

阅读量:91

在Spring中整合Kafka进行消息持久化，需要遵循以下步骤：

添加依赖

首先，在项目的pom.xml文件中添加Kafka和Spring Kafka的依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Kafka -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Kafka Client -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
        <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.4</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

配置Kafka

在application.yml或application.properties文件中配置Kafka相关信息：

spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: localhost:9092
    consumer:
      group-id: my-group
      auto-offset-reset: earliest
      key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
    producer:
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer

创建Kafka配置类

创建一个Kafka配置类，用于设置Kafka的生产者和消费者模板：

@Configuration
public class KafkaConfig {

    @Bean
    public Map producerConfigs() {
        Map props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        props.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
        props.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
        return props;
    }

    @Bean
    public Map consumerConfigs() {
        Map props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "my-group");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");
        return props;
    }

    @Bean
    public ProducerFactory producerFactory() {
        return new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(producerConfigs());
    }

    @Bean
    public ConsumerFactory consumerFactory() {
        return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(consumerConfigs());
    }

    @Bean
    public KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate() {
        return new KafkaTemplate<>(producerFactory());
    }

    @Bean
    public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory kafkaListenerContainerFactory() {
        ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
        factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
        return factory;
    }
}

创建消息生产者

创建一个Kafka消息生产者，用于发送消息到Kafka主题：

@Service
public class KafkaProducer {

    @Autowired
    private KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(String topic, String message) {
        kafkaTemplate.send(topic, message);
    }
}

创建消息消费者

创建一个Kafka消息消费者，用于从Kafka主题接收消息：

@Service
public class KafkaConsumer {

    @KafkaListener(topics = "my-topic", groupId = "my-group")
    public void listen(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
    }
}

发送和接收消息

现在可以创建一个Controller类，用于测试发送和接收消息的功能：

@RestController
public class KafkaController {

    @Autowired
    private KafkaProducer kafkaProducer;

    @GetMapping("/send")
    public String sendMessage() {
        kafkaProducer.sendMessage("my-topic", "Hello, Kafka!");
        return "Message sent!";
    }
}